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Compass Surveying

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Problem:

The following bearings are taken on a closed compass traverse. Assume the observed bearing of line AB to be correct.
a. Compute the error in closure.
b. Compute the corrected bearing of the lines.

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram

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Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 1: – Diagram

Problem:

In the deflection angle traverse with a transit survey data below, find the corrected bearing of the lines. Bearing of line AB is N51°37'W.

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram

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Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 2: – Diagram

Problem:

An engineer's notebook gives the observed magnetic bearings of the following traverse. Compute the corrected bearings of the lines.

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram

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Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 3: – Diagram

Problem:

Traverse Bearings

Line Forward Bearing Backward Bearing
ABN 30°30′ WS 32°15′ E
BCS 80°45′ WN 82°45′ E
CDS 53°00′ WN 50°15′ E
DES 13°00′ WN 11°30′ E
EAN 66°30′ ES 69°30′ W

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram

Solution:
Compute the Central Angle
A = 180° − 30°30′ − 69°30′ = 80°00′
B = 32°15′ + 80°45′ = 113°00′
C = 180° − 82°45′ + 53°00′ = 150°15′
D = 180° − 50°15′ + 13°00′ = 142°45′
E = 66°30′ − 11°30′ = 55°00′

Sum of Interior Angles = (5 − 2)180° = 540°
Σ angles = 80° + 113° + 150°15′ + 142°45′ + 55° = 541°
Error = 541° − 540° = 1° (too big --> subtract the error on each side)
Correction = 1° / 5 = 12′

Adjusted Interior Angles

A′ = 80°00′ − 12′ = 79°48′
B′ = 113°00′ − 12′ = 112°48′
C′ = 150°15′ − 12′ = 150°03′
D′ = 142°45′ − 12′ = 142°33′
E′ = 55°00′ − 12′ = 54°48′

Forward and Back Azimuths

Line Forward Azimuth Backward Azimuth Difference
AB149°30′327°45′178°15′
BC80°45′262°45′182°00′
CD53°00′230°15′177°15′
DE13°00′191°30′178°30′
EA246°30′69°30′177°00′

In choosing the best line, we select the value nearest to 180° and take the difference. Reference line = DE (nearest to 180°, difference = 1°30′ from 180°-178°30'=1°30'). We treat this as the "best line", but since the forward and backward bearings of DE are not intially equal, we add one half of the difference to the azimuth of line DE. Here, we "add" since the nearest difference, 178°30', is lesser than 180°. In the same way, we must subtract half of the difference if the nearest difference is more than 180°.

Therefore,
Half of 1°30′ = 0°45′.
Corrected Azimuth of DE = 13° + 0°45′ = 13°45′.

Adjusted Bearings and Azimuths

Line Bearing Azimuth
DES 13°45′ W13°45′
EA13°45′ + 54°48′ = N 68°33′ E248°33′
AB180° − 68°33′ − 79°48′ = N 31°39′ W148°21′
BC112°48′ − 31°39′ = S 81°09′ W81°09′
CD150°03′ + 81°09′ − 180° = S 51°12′ W51°12′

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 4: – Diagram

Problem:

Given the following deflection angles of a closed traverse, compute the bearing of all the lines if the bearing of AB is S40°E.

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram

The corrected deflection angles are shown below. By analyzing the observed values, it will be identified that the sum of the left deflection angles must be reduced and the sum of the right deflection angles must be increased.

In other words, the summation of the left deflection angles is larger than the summation of the right deflection angles, and since the total angle exceeds 360°, we need to subtract the correction for the larger summation (left) and add the correction to the lesser summation (right).

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram

Bearing of each line (Summary):

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 5: – Diagram

Problem:

Following are the observed deflection angles of a closed traverse. Find the corrected bearing of the lines if the bearing of line AB is S31°E.

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram

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Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 6: – Diagram

Problem:

Refer to the image shown:

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram

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Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 7: – Diagram

Problem:

Refer to the image shown:

Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram

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Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram Compass Surveying | Bearings and Azimuths – Problem 8: – Diagram
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Exam Generator Problems

Additional board-style practice items for this topic.

Question Bank: t1127

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

The interior angles of a five sides traverse are as follows: A = 117° 30'; B = 96° 32'; C = 142° 32'; D = 132° 18'. The angle at E is not measured.

Calculate the angle at E.

  1. 51° 08'
  2. 42° 36'
  3. 55° 12'
  4. 36° 44'

What is the deflection angle at C?

  1. 62° 19'
  2. 12° 18'
  3. 37° 28'
  4. 50° 10'

Compute the bearing of line DE if AB is due north.

  1. S 18° 55' E
  2. S 42° 33' E
  3. S 11° 22' E
  4. S 15° 11' E

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1127.json.

Question Bank: t1146

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

Given the following data for a closed traverse. [Line AB: Length 23.06, Bearing N 31° E, Lat 19.77, Dep 11.88; BC: 23.70, N 43° W, Lat 17.33, Dep -16.16; CD: 54.30, Bearing x, Lat -45.02, Dep y; DE: 32.10, S 67° E, Lat -12.54, Dep 29.55; EA: z, N 14° E, Lat w, Dep 5.10].

What is the value of x?

  1. S 27° W
  2. N 34° E
  3. S 34° W
  4. N 27° E

What is the value of y?

  1. -30.36
  2. -32.87
  3. -31.54
  4. -36.98

What is the value of z?

  1. 25.87
  2. 14.75
  3. 23.21
  4. 21.09

What is the area of the traverse?

  1. 2,513.36 m^2
  2. 1,256.68 m^2
  3. 1,587.54 m^2
  4. 1,125.36 m^2

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1146.json.

Question Bank: t1150

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

A closed traverse ABCD has the following data: [LINE AB: LENGTH 122.00, BEARING N 30° E; BC: 149.00, N 60° E; CD: 241.00, S 10° W; DA: 159.00, N 70° W].

Determine the corrected bearing of side BC using the compass rule.

  1. N 59° 11' E
  2. N 59° 51' E
  3. N 60° 12' E
  4. N 60° 49' E

Determine the corrected bearing of side CD using the compass rule.

  1. 149.632 m
  2. 148.368 m
  3. 149.547 m
  4. 148.453 m

Determine the corrected length of side BC using the compass rule.

  1. 242.067 m
  2. 241.852 m
  3. 240.148 m
  4. 239.933 m

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1150.json.

Question Bank: t1153

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

A closed traverse has the following data: [Line AB: Length 126.00 m, Bearing N 35° E; BC: 233.00 m, S 10° E; CA: 170.00 m, N 41° W].

What is the relative error of measurement?

  1. 0.0062
  2. 0.0087
  3. 0.0012
  4. 0.0045

What is the corrected length of line BC using the compass rule?

  1. 234.21
  2. 233.80
  3. 232.71
  4. 235.32

What is the corrected length of line BC using the transit rule?

  1. 234.32
  2. 233.12
  3. 233.97
  4. 235.43

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1153.json.

Question Bank: t1159

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

Closed Traverse has the following data: [LINE AB: Bearing N 30° 30' E, Distance 56.5 m; BC: N 75° 30' W, 65.7 m; CD: S 45° 30' W, 85.7 m; DA: ?, ?].

What is the bearing of line DA?

  1. S 76° 33' E
  2. S 47° 32' E
  3. S 86° 59' E
  4. S 82° 12' E

What is the length of line DA?

  1. 102.54 m
  2. 83.33 m
  3. 67.98 m
  4. 96.19 m

What is the area of the lot?

  1. 5,785.87 m^2
  2. 4,823.87 m^2
  3. 3,876.98 m^2
  4. 6,984.98 m^2

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1159.json.

Question Bank: t1165

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

A closed traverse has the following data: [LINE AB: Bearing ?, Distance 44.47; BC: ?, 137.84; CD: N 1° 45' E, 12.83; DE: N 72° 10' E, 64.86; EA: S 48° 13' E, 107.72]. Find the bearing of line AB.

  1. S 37° 18' W
  2. S 35° 30' W
  3. S 38° 34' W
  4. S 36° 46' W

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1165.json.

Question Bank: t1166

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

A lot in the form of a convex polygon has the following technical description. The bearing of adjacent sides CD and DE are missing. [Line AB: Length 525.36, Bearing N 32° 14' E; BC: 652.21, S 54° 17' E; CD: 418.24, ?; DE: 387.45, ?; EA: 569.52, N 37° 36' W].

What is the bearing of side DE?

  1. S 53° 36' W
  2. S 12° 23' W
  3. S 74° 04' W
  4. S 32° 12' W

What is the bearing of side CD?

  1. S 74° 04' W
  2. S 32° 12' W
  3. S 53° 36' W
  4. S 12° 23' W

What is the area of the lot in square meters?

  1. 436,082
  2. 424,256
  3. 401,278
  4. 385,786

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1166.json.

Question Bank: t1175

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

A closed traverse has the following information given next. [Table omitted for brevity]

Compute for the azimuth of line 3-4.

  1. 214° 25'
  2. 154° 45'
  3. 93° 13'
  4. 266° 47'

Determine the bearing of line 4-5.

  1. S 12.4° E
  2. S 5.3° E
  3. S 8.7° W
  4. S 13.5° W

What is the area of the traverse in square meter?

  1. 3476
  2. 2875
  3. 3111
  4. 3560

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1175.json.

Question Bank: t1178

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

Given the following field notes for a closed traverse. Some data of this traverse are missing. [Table omitted]

Determine the length of side AB in meters.

  1. 163
  2. 113
  3. 135
  4. 148

Determine the bearing of side DE.

  1. S 35° E
  2. S 30° E
  3. S 40° E
  4. S 25° E

What is the area of the traverse in square meters?

  1. 24,360
  2. 22,870
  3. 21,980
  4. 20,880

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1178.json.

Question Bank: t1181

MSTE - Surveying / Measurements and Areas / Gemini mapped Chapter 7 to 10

Find the length of side BC from the closed traverse notes shown below. [Table omitted]

  1. 15.92 m
  2. 24.21 m
  3. 74.05 m
  4. 53.55 m

Solution pending in psadquestions/t1181.json.