Compass Surveying
The following bearings are taken on a closed compass traverse. Assume the observed bearing of line AB to be correct.
a. Compute the error in closure.
b. Compute the corrected bearing of the lines.
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In the deflection angle traverse with a transit survey data below, find the corrected bearing of the lines. Bearing of line AB is N51°37'W.
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An engineer's notebook gives the observed magnetic bearings of the following traverse. Compute the corrected bearings of the lines.
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| Line | Forward Bearing | Backward Bearing |
|---|---|---|
| AB | N 30°30′ W | S 32°15′ E |
| BC | S 80°45′ W | N 82°45′ E |
| CD | S 53°00′ W | N 50°15′ E |
| DE | S 13°00′ W | N 11°30′ E |
| EA | N 66°30′ E | S 69°30′ W |
Solution:
Compute the Central Angle
A = 180° − 30°30′ − 69°30′ = 80°00′
B = 32°15′ + 80°45′ = 113°00′
C = 180° − 82°45′ + 53°00′ = 150°15′
D = 180° − 50°15′ + 13°00′ = 142°45′
E = 66°30′ − 11°30′ = 55°00′
Sum of Interior Angles = (5 − 2)180° = 540°
Σ angles = 80° + 113° + 150°15′ + 142°45′ + 55° = 541°
Error = 541° − 540° = 1° (too big --> subtract the error on each side)
Correction = 1° / 5 = 12′
| Line | Forward Azimuth | Backward Azimuth | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| AB | 149°30′ | 327°45′ | 178°15′ |
| BC | 80°45′ | 262°45′ | 182°00′ |
| CD | 53°00′ | 230°15′ | 177°15′ |
| DE | 13°00′ | 191°30′ | 178°30′ |
| EA | 246°30′ | 69°30′ | 177°00′ |
| Line | Bearing | Azimuth |
|---|---|---|
| DE | S 13°45′ W | 13°45′ |
| EA | 13°45′ + 54°48′ = N 68°33′ E | 248°33′ |
| AB | 180° − 68°33′ − 79°48′ = N 31°39′ W | 148°21′ |
| BC | 112°48′ − 31°39′ = S 81°09′ W | 81°09′ |
| CD | 150°03′ + 81°09′ − 180° = S 51°12′ W | 51°12′ |
Given the following deflection angles of a closed traverse, compute the bearing of all the lines if the bearing of AB is S40°E.
The corrected deflection angles are shown below. By analyzing the observed values, it will be identified that the sum of the left deflection angles must be reduced and the sum of the right deflection angles must be increased.
In other words, the summation of the left deflection angles is larger than the summation of the right deflection angles, and since the total angle exceeds 360°, we need to subtract the correction for the larger summation (left) and add the correction to the lesser summation (right).
Following are the observed deflection angles of a closed traverse. Find the corrected bearing of the lines if the bearing of line AB is S31°E.
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Additional board-style practice items for this topic.
The interior angles of a five sides traverse are as follows: A = 117° 30'; B = 96° 32'; C = 142° 32'; D = 132° 18'. The angle at E is not measured.
Calculate the angle at E.
What is the deflection angle at C?
Compute the bearing of line DE if AB is due north.
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1127.json.
Given the following data for a closed traverse. [Line AB: Length 23.06, Bearing N 31° E, Lat 19.77, Dep 11.88; BC: 23.70, N 43° W, Lat 17.33, Dep -16.16; CD: 54.30, Bearing x, Lat -45.02, Dep y; DE: 32.10, S 67° E, Lat -12.54, Dep 29.55; EA: z, N 14° E, Lat w, Dep 5.10].
What is the value of x?
What is the value of y?
What is the value of z?
What is the area of the traverse?
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1146.json.
A closed traverse ABCD has the following data: [LINE AB: LENGTH 122.00, BEARING N 30° E; BC: 149.00, N 60° E; CD: 241.00, S 10° W; DA: 159.00, N 70° W].
Determine the corrected bearing of side BC using the compass rule.
Determine the corrected bearing of side CD using the compass rule.
Determine the corrected length of side BC using the compass rule.
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1150.json.
A closed traverse has the following data: [Line AB: Length 126.00 m, Bearing N 35° E; BC: 233.00 m, S 10° E; CA: 170.00 m, N 41° W].
What is the relative error of measurement?
What is the corrected length of line BC using the compass rule?
What is the corrected length of line BC using the transit rule?
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1153.json.
Closed Traverse has the following data: [LINE AB: Bearing N 30° 30' E, Distance 56.5 m; BC: N 75° 30' W, 65.7 m; CD: S 45° 30' W, 85.7 m; DA: ?, ?].
What is the bearing of line DA?
What is the length of line DA?
What is the area of the lot?
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1159.json.
A closed traverse has the following data: [LINE AB: Bearing ?, Distance 44.47; BC: ?, 137.84; CD: N 1° 45' E, 12.83; DE: N 72° 10' E, 64.86; EA: S 48° 13' E, 107.72]. Find the bearing of line AB.
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1165.json.
A lot in the form of a convex polygon has the following technical description. The bearing of adjacent sides CD and DE are missing. [Line AB: Length 525.36, Bearing N 32° 14' E; BC: 652.21, S 54° 17' E; CD: 418.24, ?; DE: 387.45, ?; EA: 569.52, N 37° 36' W].
What is the bearing of side DE?
What is the bearing of side CD?
What is the area of the lot in square meters?
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1166.json.
A closed traverse has the following information given next. [Table omitted for brevity]
Compute for the azimuth of line 3-4.
Determine the bearing of line 4-5.
What is the area of the traverse in square meter?
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1175.json.
Given the following field notes for a closed traverse. Some data of this traverse are missing. [Table omitted]
Determine the length of side AB in meters.
Determine the bearing of side DE.
What is the area of the traverse in square meters?
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1178.json.
Find the length of side BC from the closed traverse notes shown below. [Table omitted]
Solution pending in psadquestions/t1181.json.